Cancer cell migration and invasion are the initial steps in metastasis. Through a series of
cellular events, including cytoskeletal remodeling resulting in phenotype changes and
degradation of the extracellular matrix, cells are able to detach from the primary tumor and
metastasize to distant sites. These changes occur in response to intracellular signaling
mechanisms triggered via cell surface receptor stimulation or signal amplification within the
cell. Amongst the active molecules that participate in relaying cellular signals are the …